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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 134
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iv) Ghulam Muhammad
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Pakistan’s first Five-Year Plan (1948)
Born in 1895; educated at Aligarh Muslim University.
Worked as a chartered accountant and later in the Indian Railway
Services.
Opted for Pakistan in 1947; became first Finance Minister
(1947–1951).
Introduced Pakistan’s first Five-Year Plan (1948).
Organized International Islamic Economic Conference (1949) in
Karachi; promoted pan-Islamic economic cooperation.
Became third Governor-General (1951–1955) after Liaquat Ali Khan’s
assassination.
Faced Kashmir dispute, East Pakistan unrest, and anti-Ahmadiyya
riots (1953).
Dismissed PM Khawaja Nazimuddin (1953); appointed Muhammad
Ali Bogra.
Dissolved Constituent Assembly (1954) when it sought to reduce his
powers.
Criticized for authoritarian rule and overuse of Governor-General’s
powers.
Suffered from paralysis; removed by Iskander Mirza (1955).
Died in Lahore, 1956.
Pakistan’s First Five-Year Plan (1948–1953) was introduced by Finance
Minister Malik Ghulam Muhammad to set the foundation for economic
growth in the new country. Its main goals were to develop agriculture, establish
industries, improve transport and communication, and ensure balanced
regional development between East and West Pakistan. However, the plan
could not be fully implemented due to shortage of funds, lack of trained
personnel, and administrative weaknesses following Partition. Despite its
failure, it served as the basis for future economic planning in Pakistan and
marked the beginning of the country’s efforts toward organized economic
development.