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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 39

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Indigo cultivation was a major source of revenue for the British, but it involved exploitative practices that adversely affected Muslim farmers. Titu Mir organized protests and resistance movements against the indigo planters, who were forced to grow indigo instead of food crops. He encouraged the farmers to prioritize their own food security and economic well-being over the demands of the indigo planters. • He organized the farmers to stand against oppressive Hindu landlords who were being supported by the British. • He proclaimed himself as King and raised an army of 15,000 followers. • He built a bamboo fort at Narkelbariā in October 1831 and defeated British forces which were sent to destroy it. • Mīr’s forces could not withstand the second attack of the British in which they had better army including cavalry and cannons. •He was defeated and killed after five days of fierce battle with British. Titu Mir played a crucial role in mobilizing the Muslim farming community to collectively address their grievances. He organized meetings, rallies, and public gatherings to raise awareness about the issues faced by the farmers and to unite them in their struggle for their rights. By mobilizing the community, he created Q: How Titu Mīr protected the interests of Muslim farmers in the subcontinent in the early nineteenth century? [7] ->Titu Mīr advocated jihad against ‘non-Islamic actions’. ->He raised awareness of the sufferings of Muslim farmers in West Bengal during 1830s. ->Titu Mīr gave Muslim farmers a cause to fight back the sufferings they encountered. ->He organised a rebellion against zamindars. ->Titu Mīr advised Muslim farmers to not pay the tax on beards. ->Krishnā Devā Rāi, was a zamindār who imposed beard tax on Muslims. ->He set up his own Bamboo fort/commune near Calcutta at Narkelberia with a small army of 15000 followers. Sample Answer formed from the above given points: Titu Mir advocated for the rights of Muslim farmers to own and cultivate their land. He fought against the oppressive land policies imposed by the British colonial administration, which often resulted in the dispossession of farmers from their lands. Titu Mir encouraged farmers to resist these policies and to assert their ownership and control over their agricultural land.