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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 119
181 pagesrevision 46928
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Main Features of the 1962 Constitution
iii) The Constitution of Pakistan (1962)
The President was both Head of State and Head of Government.
The President was directly elected by an Electoral College (Basic
Democrats).
President held wide executive powers, including the authority to
appoint ministers, dissolve the National Assembly, and declare
emergencies.
The Prime Minister’s office was abolished.
Only one house, the National Assembly, with 156 members.
Members were elected indirectly through the Basic Democracies
system.
The Legislature had limited powers; the President could veto bills
and issue ordinances.
It was a written document consisting of 250 articles.
Could be amended only by a two-thirds majority of the National
Assembly.
Pakistan remained a federal state, with power divided between the
Centre and Provinces.
However, the Centre was made stronger than the Provinces.
East and West Pakistan were given equal representation to preserve
parity.
The 1962 Constitution was the second Constitution of Pakistan,
promulgated on 8 June 1962 by President Ayub Khan.
It replaced the 1956 Constitution, which had been abrogated after the 1958
Martial Law.
The 1962 Constitution introduced a Presidential form of government
and was designed to provide stability and strong central control after years of
political turmoil.
4. Federal System
3. Unicameral Legislature
1. Written and Rigid Constitution
2. Presidential Form of Government
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