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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 86
181 pagesrevision 46928
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The Interim Government (1946 – 1947)
In September 1946, an Interim Government was formed with Congress and Muslim
League representatives under Jawaharlal Nehru as Vice-President.
The aim was to prepare India for independence.
Problems
○ Constant quarrels took place between Congress and League ministers.
The League accused Congress of monopolizing power and ignoring
Muslim interests. The government was paralyzed by mistrust and failed
to function effectively.
Q8: Why did the Interim Government fail? (7 marks)
The Interim Government failed due to the complete lack of cooperation between the
Congress and the Muslim League. The Congress dominated major departments and
often bypassed League ministers in decision-making. Jinnah accused the Congress of
trying to weaken the League’s influence before independence. The mutual hostility
led to administrative paralysis and deepened communal divisions, convincing the
British that joint rule was impossible.
The Mountbatten Plan (1947)
In February 1947, Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced that Britain would leave
India by June 1948. Lord Mountbatten arrived as the new Viceroy to arrange a
peaceful transfer of power.
Partition of India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
Provinces of Punjab and Bengal to be divided based on Muslim and
non-Muslim majorities.
Referendums to be held in NWFP and Sylhet to decide whether to join
Pakistan or India.
Independence to be granted on 15 August 1947.
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