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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 72
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Revolted against Hindu landlords and British oppression.
The revolt turned violent — thousands killed, including British officers.
The British brutally suppressed it — 4,000 Moplahs killed, many
injured.
Moplah Train Tragedy: 66 prisoners suffocated to death in a sealed train
carriage.
The event damaged Hindu–Muslim unity and the Khilafat Movement’s
reputation.
Chauri Chaura Incident (1922)
A violent mob in Chauri Chaura (U.P.) set a police station on fire,
killing 22 policemen.
Gandhi, who advocated non-violence, suspended the
Non-Cooperation Movement immediately —
without consulting Muslim leaders.
Muslims felt betrayed, morale dropped, and unity collapsed.
Jinnah, who had earlier warned that the movement would lead to violence,
resigned from Congress (1920).
British Repression
The British arrested almost all major Khilafat leaders (Muslim and
Hindu).
Around 30,000 activists were imprisoned across India.
Movement weakened due to loss of leadership.
End of the Movement (1924)
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took control of Turkey.
Introduced modern, secular reforms — abolished the Caliphate (1924).
The Caliph was exiled, and Turkey became a secular republic.
With the Caliphate gone, the main purpose of the Khilafat Movement
ended.
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