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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 153
181 pagesrevision 46928
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Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto & General Zia ul Haq
➢ How successful was Pakistan in the twenty years following the ‘Decade of
Progress’?
Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto (1971-77)
Short Questions
Q: What steps were taken by Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto for re-organization of army? [4]
• Pakistan army wantedto play limited role in politics, so Zulfiqār ´AlīBhuttofacilitatedthe
decision of Pak army with few steps.
o He coined the designation of COAS (Chief of the Army Staff) in 1972.
o A new paramilitary force was established to assist the police called the FSF (Federal
Security Force).
• The Famous Shimla agreement was signed with the then Prime Minister of India Ms. Indirā
Gāndhī in 1972 by which 93,000 prisoners of war were released by India.
Position held by him: Foreign Minister, Adviser to President, Party Chairman, Chief Martial
Law Administrator, President, and Prime Minister.
Tenure of P.M: Aug 1973 till July 1977
Important development: He had faced the case of murder of Nawāb Muḥammad Khān
(Father of Aḥmad Razā Qasūrī) for two years and sentenced to death by Lahore High court.
The decision was upheld by Supreme Court. He did not plead for pardon, reprieve, or respite
from General Żiā ul-Ḥaq even though he could do that. He was hanged in April 1979