Document page

Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 159

SourcePortal capture, 9 Oct 2026

PDF 159

Page image rendered from the stored file at 110 dpi; it sharpens as you zoom. Outlines are placed from each region’s stored position on the page (596 × 842 pt).

readable

Source of this text: embedded text layer. The better of the embedded text and OCR is kept.

-> Operation Fair play Answer: Opposition made allegations of Pre-poll rigging on PPP and of using the Govt. machinery in the elections. It was said that Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto used the Govt. officials as his election campaigners. Nine political parties joined hands together to form an electoral alliance called PNA (Pakistan National Alliance) to give a tough time to PPP. PNA was off the view that they had no time for preparation as the elections were suddenly announced in 1977. PPP won with majority and PNA accused the former of rigging and rejected the results. Wide range protests were organized in different parts of country for which curfew was imposed in Lahore, Karachi, and Hyderabad. Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto was forced to kneel before PNA’s demands because of military watch but that was too late. Żiā ul-Ḥaq imposed operation fair play and constitution was suspended in July 1977. Several political leaders were arrested including Zulfiqār ‘Alī Bhutto. -> Opposition by many circles within the country i.e., Industrialists, Middle Class, Ulamā, etc. -> Using Govt. machinery for personal use. -> Proclamation of Martial Law. -> Protests by masses. -> High court’s decision and it being upheld by Supreme court. Answer: He was opposed by the industrialists and business class due to nationalization. Middle class opposed the educational reforms due to the decline in standard education. Religious parties accused Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto of being a secular communist. He was accused of using FSF for personal reasons. Military operation in Baluchistan was also opposed by masses and political circles of the country. Rigging in the elections for which PNA protested. Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto was house arrested after proclamation of Martial Law at Muree but released after a short while. Żia ul-Ḥaq promised to hold elections within 3 months and in the meantime, Bhutto attracted huge masses which poised a threat to Żia ul-Ḥaq. So, case of murder of Nawāb Muḥammad Khān (Father of Aḥmad Razā Qasūrī) was reopened. He was re-arrested on 3rd Sep. 1977. A death sentence was given to him by Lahore High Court. The decision was upheld by the Supreme Court. Bhutto had the chance to appeal for Pardon, reprieve, and respite but he did not want to take that from Żia ul-Ḥaq. So, on April 4th, 1979, he was hanged till death. Q: Why was Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto arrested and subsequently executed in 1979? [7] OR Q: Why Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto’s rule ended in 1977? [7] Points: Long Questions Q: “Constitutional reforms were the most important of Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto’s domestic policies between 1971 and 1977”. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer? OR [14]