Document page
Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 23
181 pagesrevision 46928
PDF 23
Page image rendered from the stored file at 110 dpi; it sharpens as you zoom. Outlines are placed from each region’s stored position on the page (596 × 842 pt).
readable
Source of this text: embedded text layer. The better of the embedded text and OCR is kept.
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
➔
Hastily organized effort.; no prior planning & no coordinated effort.
Rebels were not clear about a common goal and so were easily overpowered by the
British.
There was no real sense of national patriotism.
Hindus & Muslims were not united.
It was a mainly Muslim war as they were the ones who had been directly affected by
the overhaul of the Mughal Empire by the British.
Most princes not willing to restore Mughal rule; some princes wanted restoration of
their individual feudal powers e.g. Kashmir; power of its ruler depended on British
rule.
The revolt was not supported by Punjab & Sindh.
This was because they had been conquered by troops from Bengal & Central India.
Highly disciplined British army.
They had a good team of generals with experience in warfare & fighting techniques.
The British had diplomatic skills & retained control over most territories by keeping
various groups divided.
They used modern European weaponry; For example Enfield rifle-musket.
They managed to turn various groups against each other.
Positioned as masters of India.
The British responded to some of the Indians’ concerns, in the Allahabad Address
of 1858, which had declared the end of the war; decided on no further annexation or
interference with religious beliefs.
In practice, they paid little attention to these concerns.
Brutal reprisals were carried out against the Indians, by the British, for example at
Kanpur (Cawnpore).
(iv) Effects
British Strength
British Supremacy
Lack of Provincial support
Lack of Planning and Goals