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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 144
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2- Industrial development.
3- High economic growth 7%.
4- Agricultural Reforms / Green Revolution- HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides, built dams
& barrages, etc.
5- Social reforms- Hospitals,
Schools, colleges, family planning, modernized Islam.
Answer: Ayūb Khān hired the economic advisors which were trained and educated from
Harvard University to stabilize the economic situation of the country. The huge amount of aid
was used for industrial development.
Several incentives like leverage in taxes and exports were given to private sector which was
an attraction to manufacturing industry.During the second five year plan from 1960-65,
people’s income went up to 14%.
Economic growth rate grew to 7% which was three times to that of contemporary India.
Ayūb introduced agricultural reforms which were called Green Revolution. It included
modernization in agriculture through tractors, High yield variety seeds, chemical fertilizers,
insecticides, and pesticides. Under the Indus Water Treaty, Pakistan was funded to build
dams and barrages.
In the field of social reforms, new hospitals and medical colleges were set up to provide
better health. High population growth rate was controlled through better policies of family
planning. Tried to raise the literacy rate by encouraging primary education. Most
of these benefits went to the West Pakistan.
1- Closer to Army headquarters in Rawalpindi
2- North was economically less developed
3- Economic influence of Karachi
4- Pleasant climate
5- Landlocked city, no danger from outside
Answer: Ayūb Khān wanted to get closer to the Army command headquarters established in
Rawalpindi as Karachi was far too away from Army headquarters. He wanted to shift the power
from the economically developed south to the underdeveloped North. He also got closer to
Punjab and KPK which provided most of the troops to the Army.
The economic influence of the commercial Karachi on the government officials was
minimized. Govt. officials started taking interests in trade instead of doing their official duties
which was a clear conflict of interest. The developments in Karachi had left Northern
Pakistan relatively under developed. Pleasant climate of Islamabad also won over the humid
climate of Karachi.
A planned city was easier to build there as it was an abandoned place. Karachi’s location at
Indus Delta Coast was not suitable because it was vulnerable to Indian Navy attacks and
Islamabad a land locked city was at distance from the Indian border. Capital was officially
shifted in 1967.
Q: Why was Islamabad chosen a new capital of Pakistan? [7]