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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 158
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-> Allegations of Pre-poll rigging
-> Govt. Machinery used by PPP.
-> Protests and allegations by PNA.
-> Curfew in Lahore, Karachi, and Hyderabad
the education standards.
ii- It was opposed by rural masses.
iii- Loss of earning through child labor.
iv- lack of qualified and efficient staff.
v- literacy rate only went up to 1% in 5 years.
Answer: The primary objectives to introduce these reforms were to improve the literacy rate
and grooming of
individuals (Ethics, social awareness, and socio-economic skills). It assured uniform
education, modern curriculum, and eradicate illiteracy.Objectives also include,
nationalization of Private schools, introduction of uniform syllabus in all provinces,
establishment of new schools, free and compulsory primary education. For all this Zulfiqār
´Alī Bhutto allocated 13% of the budget which was an extensive amount.
Education reforms were a failure because firstly formal education was opposed by rural
masses. Secondly there was a fear of loss of earning through child labor among the rural
inhabitants by sending the children to schools. Thirdly standard of education declined by
overcrowding and nationalization of the schools. Fourthly there was a lack of qualified and
efficient staff and govt did not have time to train teachers and provide necessary equipment in
short time. And lastly there was slow improvement in literacy rate i.e., only 1% in 5 years.
-> Majority porty in 1970 elections.
-> Popular leader among the masses
-> Know how to run the affairs of govt
-> Morale of army was low
He came to power in Pakistan after separation of East Pakistan in 1971. Pakistan People’s
Party (PPP) of
Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto was a majority party in elections of 1970 in West Pakistan which had won
81 out of 138 seats
of National Assembly.
Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto was the only popular leader then who could run the affairs of the govt.
Also, he had already served on several important positions such as foreign minister so, he
knew how to run the administration of the country.
He inspired his supporters but harshly opposed by the opposition. After the defeat in East
Pakistan, the morale of the army was very low, he fit himself in the system and won the
confidence of the people.
Q: Why did Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto came to power? [7]
Points:
Q: Why did Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto fall from the Govt. after the elections of 1977? [7]
Points: