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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 142
181 pagesrevision 46928
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•The huge amount of aid was used for industrial development.
•Oil refinery was setup at Karachi to reduce the import cost of oil.
•Mineral Development Corporation was setup to extract minerals.
•Several incentives like leverage in taxes and exports were given to private sector which
was an attraction to manufacturing industry.
•The major development in industries and the beneficiary of these reforms was West
Pakistan, so the disparity between East and West Pakistan grew.
•Only 22 families had controlled 66% of the Pakistan industries through his industrial
reforms.
•Constitutional committee was setup in 1961 by Supreme Court.
•The new constitution respected Islam but did not declare Islamas a state religion.
•The Electoral College was very limited i.e. 80,000 initially andlater on 120,000 to elect a
president.
•Ayūb Khān tried to raise the literacy rate by encouraging primary education.
•New curriculum was introduced in schools.
•The government built new schools and colleges.
•Technical education was given to raise the skill base workers.
•University degree courses were launched.
•Scientific education was improved.
•Civil defence training was enhanced.
•He appointed General Āzam Khān- the rehabilitation minister to settle 75,000 refugees in
newly built dwellings of Karachi.
•Scheme for satellite township were launched in all big cities.
•He made Islamabad a planned city.
•He implemented Muslim Family Law Bill/Ordinance to control polygamy and rapid
population increase.
•Family planning clinics were opened.
•He acted for the prevention of hoarding by arresting and fining the profiteers.
•He also fixed the price of milk and other goods to stop profiteering.
•Women got benefitted by the reforms affecting marriage and divorce.
•Mechanism of registration of marriages and divorces was implemented and if someone
wants to be remarried, he/she must take approval from the court.
•Under the Indus water treaty, 3 dams were built i.e., Warsak, Mangla, and Tarbela on rivers
ofKabul, Jehlum, and Indus respectively.
•Several perennial canals were built to irrigate the lands.
•Agricultural Development Bank was setup to facilitate farmers.
•Easy loans were provided to the farmers.
•Fair distribution of land holdings i.e., land owner cannot hold more than 1000 acres of
un-irrigated or 500 acres of irrigated land.
•The excess land was given to the poor farmers by the Govt.
•The success rate of the land reforms was poor because of the strong social position of
landed aristocrats.
Q: What are the Social Reforms of Ayūb Khān? [4]
Q: What are the Industrial Reforms of Ayūb Khān? [4]
Q: What are the Constitutional Reforms of Ayūb Khān? [4]