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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 155
181 pagesrevision 46928
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•Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto established Rural Health Centers (RHC) to provide health facilities to
the rural and far-flung areas of Pakistan.
•and Basic Health Units (BHU) in Urban areas.
•One RHC was to setup for 60, 000 people in rural areas.
•and one BHU for every 20,000 people in urban areas.
•A BHU had a doctor with few paramedics.
•and a RHC had a doctor, Lady Heath Visitor (LHV) and some paramedics.
•It later became a source of employment for the fresh doctors and medical graduates.
•Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto as a Politician was an immaculate and charismatic personality.
•He won the elections of 1970 from West Pakistan (81 out of 138 seats).
•There was a strong JUI-NAP alliance in NWFP and Baluchistan.
•Bhutto established a coalition with JUI (Jami’at Ulamā i Islām) and NAP (National Awami
Party) and committed to give a freehand in the NWFP and Baluchistan.
•After one year he dismissed the governments of NWFP and Baluchistan which led to the
military operation against Baloch tribal chiefs in Baluchistan for 5 years.
•He wanted to have a provincial autonomy which remained a dream for him.
•Branding in medicines was discouraged to reduce the cost of medicines through drug act,
1972.
•He started family planning programs to control growing population of Pakistan and
vaccination programs to control growing infant mortality rate.
•These reforms resulted in improved medical care of Pakistani people which increased PPP
popularity, but shortage of fresh doctors and nurses caused a concern.
•Many multinational pharmaceuticals closed the business because of discouragement in
branding of medicines.
•Distant hospitals and lack of ambulances were one of the main reasons of the failure.
•Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto dismissed more than 2000 civil servantsoncharge of corruption and
appointed men of his choice.
•Civil services were categorized based on their salary and dividedthem into smaller levels.
•Direct recruitment method was introduced through which nepotismprevailed in the country.
•Likeable people were given the government jobs.
•These were introduced to modernize the agriculture by introducingfertilizers,
insecticides, and pesticides and to increase the productivity ofthelargest economic sector of
Pakistan.
•The land ownership was decreased to 250 acres of irrigatedlandand 500 acres of
unirrigated land in 1974. Surplus land could be sold to smallerpeasant farmers.
•It was a failure because MNAs divided their lands among theirrelatives and trustworthy
workers working in their homes and fields.
•Illegal and inappropriate transfer of lands to the relatives andtrusted tenants.
•It resulted in large scale eviction of the tenants which ultimatelylowered the crop growth.
Q: Describe Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto’s agricultural reforms? [4]
Q: Describe Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto’s administrative reforms? [4]
Q: What were Basic Health Units and Rural Health Centers? [4]
Q: What were the political steps taken by Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto? [4]