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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 154
181 pagesrevision 46928
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Q: What was Federal Security Force? [4]
•Tolimittheroleofarmyinpolitics,Zulfiqār´AlīBhuttointroducedaparamilitaryforce
named Federal Security Force (FSF) in October 1972.
•Itsprimarytaskwastoassistcivilbureaucracyandpoliceinmaintaininglawandorder so
that military intervention can be resisted.
•However,oppositionpartiescalleditasprivatearmyofZulfiqār´AlīBhuttowhocrushed
Bhutto’s rivals.
• It was abolished by Żiā ul-Ḥaq in 1977.
Q: Describe the terms of constitution of 1973? [4]
•The1973constitutionwasdraftedintheeraofZulfiqār´AlīBhutto,anditbecamea reason
for his popularity.
•ItprovidedforParliamentaryformoftheGovernmentinwhichthepowerswouldbe vested
in Prime Minister.
•P.MwouldbeanexecutiveheadandPresidentwouldbefigurehead,bothtobeelected for
5 years.
•Itwouldbeabicamerallegislature,UpperHousei.e.(Senate)andLowerHouse(National
Assembly).
•UpperHouse(senate)electionsafterevery3years,electedby4provincialassemblies.
• Lower House (National Assembly) for 5 years, elected by adult franchise.
•Fourprovincialassemblieswillbeelectedfor5yearsandwouldbeelectedbyadult
franchise.
•IslamiccommitteewassetuptoaddressIslamicissuesandtoadvisegovt.onIslamic laws.
• President and Prime Minister will be Muslims.
Q: What are the six amendments passed in Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto’s regime? [4]
There were only six amendments made to the constitution in Bhutto’s regime.
1) First one is Pakistan’s recognition of Bangladesh.
2) Second is declaration of Ahmadis as non-Muslims.
3) Third is the extension in period of preventive detention.
4) Fourth; deprived the courts to grant bail to anyone under preventive detention.
5)TheSindandBaluchistanHighCourtshallceasetofunctionasacommonHighCourt for
theProvincesofBaluchistanandSind.ThePresidentshall,byOrder,establishaHigh Court
for each of the Provinces of Baluchistan and Sindh.
6)andlastdeterminedtheagesofretirementofchiefjusticeofsupremecourt(65years)
and high court judges (62 years).
•Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto established Rural Health Centers (RHC) to provide health facilities to
therural and far-flung areas of Pakistan and Basic Health Units (BHU) in Urban areas.
•One RHC was to setup for 60, 000 people in rural areas and one BHU for every 20,000
people in urban areas.
•Fresh doctors are then to give compulsory service in rural areas.
•Inhis regime new hospitals and medical colleges were established to provide widespread
health care.
•Zulfiqār´AlīBhuttoimprovedtheimageofPakistanandreducedthemilitarydependency to
show lesser chances of war.
Q: Describe Zulfiqār ´Alī Bhutto’s health reforms? [4]