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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 74
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938)
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His principles, known as Kemalism, became the foundation of modern
Turkey.
Founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey.
Military leader in World War I and the Turkish War of
Independence.
Granted the title “Atatürk” (“Father of the Turks”) in 1934.
Transformed the Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular nation-state.
Introduced reforms:
Free and compulsory education, new schools.
Women’s civil and political rights.
Reduced taxes for peasants.
Turkification to build national unity.