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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 120
181 pagesrevision 46928
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7. Judiciary
6. Islamic Provisions
10. Emergency Powers
5. Fundamental Rights
8. Provincial Governments
9. Basic Democracies System
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Introduced by Ayub Khan in 1959, incorporated into the 1962
Constitution. 80,000 Basic Democrats (local council members)
formed the Electoral College for the President and National
Assembly. Intended to link local government with national
politics and promote grassroots democracy.
The President could declare a state of emergency in case of war or
internal disorder.
The Supreme Court was the highest judicial authority.
The High Courts functioned at provincial levels.
The Judiciary was formally independent, but the President retained
influence through appointments.
Provinces had Governors appointed by the President.
Governors were assisted by Provincial Assemblies and Councils of
Ministers.
Provincial autonomy remained limited due to the strong central
system.
Fundamental Rights were restored (initially suspended under Martial
Law).
Rights included freedom of speech, religion, and property, but
could be restricted in times of emergency.
Pakistan was renamed the “Islamic Republic of Pakistan” (originally
just “Republic of Pakistan” until 1963 amendment). No law was to be
made contrary to Qur’an and Sunnah. Advisory Council of
Islamic Ideology (A.C.I.I.) established to recommend Islamic
reforms in laws. The President and Speaker of the Assembly had
to be Muslims.