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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 21
181 pagesrevision 46928
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(i) Causes
Social
Dominating British Culture; The arrogant attitude of the British towards Indians; did
not seem to consider them equals.
Introduction of roads, railways & telecommunication was unacceptable to many
Indians; seen as a threat to their culture.
Role of Christian missionaries; preaching & missionary schools; Indians felt their
religious interests threatened.
The British schooling system was also disliked by many.
Military
Grease-cartridge issue.
The officers were almost exclusively British; Indians were mainly Sepoys and
Sowars.
Spread of rumours; such as the Muslims, Hindus, Christians would be forced to
convert to Christianity and would be sent abroad to fight.
The use of Indian troops in Afghanistan proved unpopular.
Political
Economic
Indian Resources for Brit industry; huge profits from sale of manufactured goods in
India; local industry declined.
Heavy taxation; unaffordable for poor & small farmers.
Corrupt tax officers; some would keep taxes for themselves.
The salary of sepoys was kept low, causing more resentment.
(ii) Events and Failure
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Political annexation-based policies of the EIC; various means e.g. the “Doctrine of
Lapse” by Lord Dalhousie 1852, capture of Oudh in 1856. This spoiled the impression
of the British in front of local rulers who felt insecure and considered the British greedy
land grabbers.
Disrespect of the Mughal rule; shifting the royal family from the Red Fort to the Qutub
Saheb by Dalhousie.
Negligible share of Indians in the civil service + 1834, English replaced Persian as the
court’s language; resentment among Indians to such policies.
English also became the language in which Indians were educated.