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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 49
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The Swadeshi Movement
First organized effort by Muslims to present their political demands to the
British Government.
35 prominent Muslim leaders from all over India.
Led by Sir Agha Khan; Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk served as secretary.
The delegation met the Viceroy at Simla, hence called the Simla
Deputation.
The Swadeshi Movement (1905–1911) began in response to the Partition of Bengal by
Lord Curzon. The term Swadeshi means “of one’s own country.” It urged Indians to
boycott British goods and promote indigenous industries, schools, and products.
People burned foreign cloth, promoted hand-spun khadi, and supported local crafts
and enterprises. The movement spread across India, becoming both an economic and
political protest against British rule. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat
Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal inspired mass participation. Although later suppressed by
the British, the movement ignited national pride and laid the foundation for India’s
independence struggle.
Consequences and Impact:
The partition created lasting communal divisions between Hindus and
Muslims.
It strengthened Muslim political consciousness and unity.
The reversal alienated Muslims and deepened distrust toward both Hindus
and the British.
It laid the foundation for the growth of Muslim nationalism, eventually
leading to the demand for a separate homeland.
The Swadeshi Movement hurt British trade; imports from Britain fell
sharply.
When King George V visited India in 1911, the partition was officially
reversed.
Bengal was reunited under one Governor, and Assam was separated under
a Chief Commissioner.
Muslims felt betrayed and disillusioned, seeing the reversal as a major
setback.
➔ The Simla Deputation & Establishment of Muslim League
(1906)