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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 34
181 pagesrevision 46928
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Shāh Walī Ullāh (1703-1762 A.D.)
Q: Who was Shāh Walī Ullāh? [4]
Promoted regional pride and identity.
Urdu helped build national unity.
Problems:
Linguistic differences sometimes caused political tensions (e.g. East
Pakistan).
Need for inclusive policies to ensure all languages are respected.
Background
Q: Why were there attempts to revive Islām in the sub-continent during the
eighteenth and early nineteenth century? [7]
• The economic and intellectual breakdown of the society alarmed the reformist
Muslims to revive Islām.
• Shāh Walī Ullāh was one of the Muslim reformers, who thought Muslims were
ignorant about the Islam and teachings of the Holy Qur´ān.
o So, he emphasized on the Quranic teachings.
o He translated the Qur´ān into Persian- a contemporary court language, under
the title ‘Fat’ḥ ur-Rehmān’.
• During the early 19th century, Punjab was under the Sikh rule and it was difficult
for the Muslims to freely practice their religion.
o Sikhs converted mosques to stables, Āzān and prayers were banned.
• Sayyid Aḥmad Shahīd Barelvī wanted to liberate Muslims of Punjab from Sikhs’
oppression.
o He thought that Muslims cannot regain glory if un-islamic forces would not be
beaten, that’s why he launched an armed Jihād movement against the Sikh rule.
• Ḥājī Shari‘at Ullāh wanted to spread Islam through Ferāizī movement because
Muslim peasants of East Bengal were indulged in Hindu superstitions.
o The movement was started in East Bengal and it insisted the Muslims to perform
their religious obligations (Ferāiz).
oHindu landlords were alarmed by this movement.
Religious
Thinkers/Reformers
Past Paper (Topical) Questions
(Section I)