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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 141
181 pagesrevision 46928
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➔ Field Marshal General Ayub Khan
Short Questions
Q: Was Ayūb Khān’s takeover legal? [4]
•Constitution of 1956 did not allow President MirzāorGeneral Ayūb Khān to abrogate the
constitution.
•So, the validity of this order was challenged in supreme court which was decided in favor of
General Ayūb Khān by chief justice of supreme court Justice Munīr.
•‘Doctrine of Necessity’ was made as the reason for validating this Martial Law.
•Thus, Ayūb assumed the power and removed Mirzā from the office on 27th Oct 1958.
Background
Q: Why did Ayūb Khān come to power in 1858? OR [7]
Q: Why was Martial Law imposed in 1858? [7]
1- Political chaos
2- Serious economic problems
3- Constant threat from India
4- Army; only organized
institution
5- Validation through the court
of Justice Munir.
Q: What are the Agricultural Reforms of Ayūb Khān? OR OR [4]
Q: What was Green Revolution? [4]
• Agricultural reforms were calledas“Green Revolution”.
• Modernized agriculture by introduction of tractors, High yield variety seeds, chemical
fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides.
Answer: The differences between East and West Pakistan grew at a rapid pace. East
Pakistan wanted more share in legislatures because of their majority (55% of total
population), but they were given equal representation in the
National Assembly under one unit scheme. This political dominance was resented by East
Pakistanis because this dominance ensured economic bankruptcy of East Pakistanis.
Political instability was at rise in the period of Iskandar Mirzā. The presidential powers of
nominating and dismissal of Prime minister given by the constitution of 1956 were misused
by Iskander Mirzā who dismissed five Prime ministers. So, he began to lose
his popularity. A tough time was given by Hussayn Shahīd Suharwardī by uniting the
politicians against Iskandar Mirzā. He challenged Mirzā to hold a popularity test by voting in
the assembly but because of the fear of defeat, Mirzā declared Martial Law on 7th Oct 1958
and appointed General Ayūb Khān as Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA).
Ayūb Khān had already declined an offer of Ghulām Muḥammad to take over the country.
Now another offer was given by Iskandar Mirzā to him. Constitution of 1956 did not allow
President Mirzā or General Ayūb Khān to abrogate the constitution. So,
the validity of this order was challenged in supreme court which was decided in favor of
General Ayūb Khān by chief justice of supreme court Justice Munīr. Thus, he assumed the
power to himself and removed Mirzā from the office on 27th Oct 1958.