Document page
Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 140
181 pagesrevision 46928
PDF 140
Page image rendered from the stored file at 110 dpi; it sharpens as you zoom. Outlines are placed from each region’s stored position on the page (596 × 842 pt).
readable
Source of this text: embedded text layer. The better of the embedded text and OCR is kept.
●
Muhammad Ali Bogra became Prime Minister and formed a
“Cabinet of Talents,” introducing the Bogra Formula (1953) to
balance representation between East and West Pakistan.
1955: Ghulam Muhammad resigned due to illness and was succeeded by
Major General Iskander Mirza as Governor-General.
Mirza replaced Bogra with Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, under whom the
1956 Constitution was passed, establishing Pakistan as an Islamic
Republic with a parliamentary system and equal representation for
both wings.
1956–1957: Frequent Prime Ministerial changes created
instability—Suhrawardy, I.I. Chundrigar, and Feroz Khan Noon each
briefly held power.
Feroz Khan Noon (1957–1958) stabilized politics and achieved the
return of Gwadar from Oman.
1958: Political unrest grew; President Iskander Mirza, fearing loss of
control, declared martial law, suspended the 1956 Constitution, and
appointed General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator.
Power struggles followed—Ayub ousted Mirza, exiled him, and declared
himself President, marking the start of military rule in Pakistan.
Ayub Khan then assumed the presidency of Pakistan, marking the
official beginning of military rule in the country.
1953: Due to anti-Ahmadiyya riots and increasing political tensions,
Ghulam Muhammad dismissed Nazimuddin, dissolved the
Constituent Assembly, and imposed a state of emergency.
Liaquat Ali Khan became the first Prime Minister, guiding the new
nation through its formative years until his assassination in 1951.
After Liaquat’s death, Khawaja Nazimuddin became Prime Minister,
while Ghulam Muhammad was appointed Governor-General.
1948: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, died
on 11 September 1948.
★ Main Summary & Timeline of Events