Document page
Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 139
181 pagesrevision 46928
Opened from a search result
Highlighted in the page text: Muhammad Ayub Khan. 12 matches on this page. Regions whose text matches are outlined on the page.
PDF 139
Page image rendered from the stored file at 110 dpi; it sharpens as you zoom. Outlines are placed from each region’s stored position on the page (596 × 842 pt).
readable
Source of this text: embedded text layer. The better of the embedded text and OCR is kept.
❖ 1958 Martial Law and Fall of Iskander Mirza
●
●
●
On 7 October 1958, Iskander Mirza:
Abrogated the 1956 Constitution.
Dissolved the national and provincial assemblies.
Banned all political parties, including the Muslim League.
Declared Martial Law across Pakistan.
On 27 October 1958, just 20 days after the imposition of Martial
Law,
○ Ayub Khan forced Iskander Mirza to resign.
○ Mirza was arrested and exiled to London, never to return to
Pakistan.
General Muhammad Ayub Khan, then Commander-in-Chief of the
Army, was appointed Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA).
Mirza claimed the action was necessary to end chaos, corruption, and
political instability.
Initially, Mirza believed he would retain political control while Ayub
would manage law and order under military rule.
However, Ayub Khan had strong backing from the armed forces and
began consolidating real power.
Tensions quickly grew between the two leaders over who would control the
government.
The military leadership and bureaucracy started siding with Ayub
Khan, isolating Mirza politically.
By 1958, Pakistan was facing severe political instability, with frequent
changes in prime ministers, weak governance, and corruption. The
1956 Constitution, which had established Pakistan as an Islamic
Republic with a parliamentary system, failed to bring stability.
President Iskander Mirza believed that Pakistan was not ready for
democracy and that the country needed a strong, authoritarian system to
restore order.
➢
➢
Imposition of Martial Law
Fall and Exile of Iskander Mirza
Power Struggle Between Mirza and Ayub Khan
●
●
●
➢
●
●
●
●
●
○
○
○
○